IDEA Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Essay

In 1991 the Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act was replaced by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This law was passed to provide free and appropriate public education to every child with a disability. It requires that each child with a disability â€Å"have access to the program best suited to that child’s special needs which is as close as possible to a normal child’s educational program† (Martin, 1978). The Individualized education program (IEP) was developed to help provide a written record of students’ needs and procedures for each child that receives special education services. The IEP will list all the services to be provided, the students performance level, academic performance, and†¦show more content†¦Until that time, many states had laws that excluded children with certain types of disabilities from attending public school. These included children who were blind, deaf and children labeled emo tionally disturbed or mentally retarded. Many of these children lived at state institutions where they received limited or no educational services. Having a disability does not automatically qualify a student for special education services under the IDEA. The disability must result in the student needing additional or different services to participate in school. For example, a child who is diagnosed autistic. Children with disabilities who qualify for special education are also automatically protected by Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Research shows that the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 shifted the focus of IDEA to improve teaching and learning by emphasizing the individual educational plan as a primary tool for educational planning. This increased the role of parents in educational decision- making. Part B of this law provided resources and services for children ages 3 through 5 wi th developmental delays or those with an identified disability. Part C of IDEA authorizes financial assistance to support the needs of infants and toddlers with disabilities and the needs of their families. Agencies are to provide comprehensive early intervention services that focus onShow MoreRelatedEssay The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)536 Words   |  3 Pages2004, President Bush signed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. This Act is also known as Public Law 108-446. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the law that secures special education services for children with disabilities from the time they are born until they graduate from high school. The law was re-authorized by Congress in 2004. This re-authorization has driven a series of changes in the way special education services are executed. TheseRead MoreHistory of Special Education Law1021 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of Special Education Law Grand Canyon University Special Education Litigation and Law SPE-350 Virginia Murray August 11, 2013 History of Special Education Law Throughout the ages, people with disabilities have been hidden away at homes or institutions and were often not educated. This was common practice and as such, when the education system was designed, children with disabilities were not even considered. Then, starting soon after the civil rights movement in the 50’s, aRead MoreThe Education For All Handicapped Children Act (Eha) Had957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EHA) had an overall goal of desegregating disabled children in schools, as well as work on integrating them in classrooms with their non-disabled peers. Until the Civil Rights Movement, not much attention was brought to the fact that children with disabilities had very little rights and were kept isolated and not given a proper education, if any at all. Because of the attention brought to the poor and unjust treatment of children with disabilities andRead MoreThe Importance Of A Special Needs Student849 Words   |  4 Pages educational styles used within special education. The overall success of a special needs student can be improved through parent training, it is vital that parents understand the methods of their child’s teachers and how they can use them to help their children succeed. History History dates back to before the IDEA act according to (Archived: 25 Year History of the IDEA, 2007). According to the site, before the IDEA act, more than 200,000 persons with disabilities were housed in state institutionsRead MoreWhat Are Adaptive Physical Education? Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Adaptive Physical Education? Adaptive Physical Education is Physical Education which has been modified, so that it is as appropriate for the person with a disability as it is for a person without. Essentially, making Physical Education accessible so that every student can participate no matter their skill level or abilities (APENS). APE is something that should definitely be continually funded and is something I believe is important. As an aspiring PE teacher, I fully believe in the benefitsRead MoreThe Field Of Special Education1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe commitment of teaching in the field of special education is challenging. The undertaking is prodigious, but when a child with disabilities flourishes under the direction of a special education teacher’s leadership, the outcome is life altering for both. The main goal for a student with special needs is for the student to acquire skills that are vital to achieve placement in a regular education classroom and be able to take part in the class on a daily basis. In order for a strategy of inclusionRead MoreEducating Students With Children With Disabilities969 Words   |  4 PagesMainstreaming in Education â€Å"We must understand that inclusion is first and foremost a philosophy. It is a mindset and a belief that everyone has value and something to contribute. It is a willingness to see the ability in everyone and match skill with challenge. It is an understanding that what our programs really provide at their heart is the opportunity to build relationships, learn who we are, and develop skills†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Friedman, 2014) Mainstreaming, one of the most controversial topics in the education fieldRead MoreHow Special Education Has Changed Today s Society800 Words   |  4 Pagesarticles presented in Unit One give great insights on how special education has changed in the past 31 years. People are now becoming more aware and accepting of children with disabilities when at one time others were uneducated and uncertain. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) once named Education for All Handicapped Children Act allows children with disabilities to be educated within public schools for free. Due to IDEA, children are no longer educated within residential centersRead MoreDevelopmental Disabilities and Speech and Language Impaiments1209 Words   |  5 Pagesnon-institutionalized population. Of the 53.9 million children, about 2.8 million (5.2%) were reported to have a disability in 2010. About 1 in 6 children in the U.S. had a developmental disability in 2006-2008 which is a 17.1% incre ase from 1998. Developmental disabilities range from mild disabilities such as ADHD, speech and language impairments to serious developmental disabilities, such as intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, and autism. Recently, there has been an increased focus on Autism Spectrum DisordersRead More Learning Disabilities Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesLearning Disabilities Approximately 10 percent of the adult population have learning disabilities. Learning disabilities also affect about 5 to 10 percent of school-age children. Most disabilities occur in math, spelling, reading comprehension, oral expression, and written language. The most common learning disabilities are in reading. Children with learning disabilities also have problems with attention, memory, and behavioral problems as a result of frustration. The term learning disabilities

Dillard s Inc. Case Study - 1105 Words

Introduction Dillard department stores is one of the smallest retail chains in the nations, however, it is still a widely known department store. Dillard’s Inc. is a family owned and operated company which gives it some competitive edge over the larger, investor owned retail chains. The company operates about three hundred brick and mortar retail stores and about twenty-five discount stores in the United States. These stores are scattered throughout 29 states; mainly in the southeast, southwest, and Midwest. In addition to their physical store locations, Dillard’s Inc. ships to countries around the world through its website, Dillard’s Inc..com. Dillard’s Inc. also owns CDI Contractors, which is a construction firm that builds and remodels the company’s department stores. In addition to these business endeavors, the company owns several small online retailers such as countryoutfitter.com and scrubschopper.com (vault.com, 2016). The company’s stocks are li sted on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol DDS (Dillard’s Inc..com, 2016). The company has a current market capital of 2.88 billion (NYSE:DDS, 2016). SWOT Analysis SWOT Matrix Strengths †¢ Strong brand recognition †¢ ecommerce Weaknesses †¢ Market positioning †¢ Geographic concentration Opportunities †¢ Global market †¢ Business restructuring †¢ Expanded discount outlet chains Threats †¢ Competition †¢ Economic conditions Strengths Dillard’s Inc. is one of many retail outlets operating in the United States that deal inShow MoreRelatedFive Performance Objectives of Ritz Carlton and Travelodge5446 Words   |  22 PagesOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY: THE RITZ CARLTON AND TRAVELODGE’S FIVE PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Isabel Maria Arroyo Moreno Student ID No.: A10BH014695FE Operations Management Module BSc Business Management with HR Greenwich School of Management BACKGROUND The present report will explore the differences and similarities between the budget hotel chain Travelodge and the luxury hotel chain Ritz Carlton through the analysis, contrast and comparison of the five performance objectives or elementsRead MoreNordstrom’s Success1885 Words   |  8 PagesNordstrom’s Success Beata Anna Kolankiewicz Principles of Marketing-MKT 100 Dr. Ella Carter November 27, 2011 Strayer University Nordstrom’s Success 1. 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As the learning curve takes effect in your retail employees, you can expect to see a nicer-looking, more organized display of merchandise, fewer mistakes made due to lack of experienceRead MoreFjjj7044 Words   |  29 PagesConsider what the communication is about †¢ †¢ †¢ Is your question addressed elsewhere (eg. in this subject outline or, where applicable, on the subjects eLearning site)? Is it something that is better discussed in person or by telephone? This may be the case if your query requires a lengthy response or a dialogue in order to address. If so, see consultation times above and/or schedule an appointment. Are you addressing your request to the most appropriate person? Specific email title/ header to enableRead MoreMarketing and Financial Markets41809 Words   |  168 PagesAppendix C: Sample Marketing Plan A-27 iii contents Summary 53 Important Terms 54 Discussion and Review Questions 55 Application Questions 55 Internet Exercise 56 Developing Your Marketing Plan 57 Video Case 3.1 Method Cleans Up the Home Care Industry Using Green Marketing 58 Case 3.2 Danone Focuses on Health Nutrition 59 Chapter 4: Social responsibility and ethics in Marketing 92 Part 1: Marketing Strategy and Customer relationships 1 Chapter 1: An Overview of Strategic MarketingRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManagement, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. 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Self-Audit on Leadership Theories-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Self audit on Leadership theories. Answer: Introduction: Leaders can be defined as the individuals who develop the capability to guide a team of subordinates in way that motivate them to work beyond their capabilities and hence meet the organizational goals successfully (Zhu et al., 2016). They have the capability to engage with the employees in a way by which they can effectively participate in feedback sessions with the employees sharing their concerns and helping them to overcome barriers. Researchers are of the opinion that effective leadership has many positive impacts on the employees in the workplace. They help in development of the employee morale and influences employee dedication to the organization. Employees feel satisfied with their job and do not burn out easily under the guidance of the employees (Banks et al., 2016). Moreover, it also helps in employee retention as employees feel that the organization care for them. They also get the scope to learn important things that helps them to enhance their career and develop their k nowledge in their fields making them expect in their working domains. Therefore, expert leaders can help in preparing the employees for overcoming the barriers both mentally and emotionally which prevents them from feeling burned out or stressed (McCleskey, 2014). Leaders help the organization to reach its objectives by providing focus and thereby driving the team forward, empowering the team members for working their full potential, taking responsibility for decision-making and others (Rouche, Baker Rose, 2014). Therefore, this assignment will show how the theory of transformation leadership helps in developing the organization towards betterment and will depict two of my experiences that had helped to develop my leadership traits effectively. Expert named James McCregor Burns in the year 1978 first developed transformational leadership. Researchers have since then supported the application of this leadership in every organization as it had brought out the best outcomes both in terms of organizational productivity and in terms of development of workplace climate. The expert Bernard M Bass further developed the concept of this leadership style where he based the style of leadership on the model of integrity as well as fairness (Dong et al., 2017). It helps the leaders to set clear goals for the employees and has high expectations or the employees to meet the goals. The leaders mainly help the employees to meet the organizational goals by encouraging others, providing support and recognition by stirring the emotions of people. Such leader inspires the employees to look beyond their self-interest and motivates them to reach for the improbable. Researchers are of the opinion that four important aspects remain associated with t his form of leadership (Breevaart et al., 2014). Individualized consideration is one of the aspects. This aspect mainly describes the ability of the leaders to meet the needs of each individual follower and thereby act as a mentor or a coach to the subordinate. They listen to the needs, require of the followers, and provide them with empathy and support (Gorman Messal, 2017). They respect the subordinates and always keep communication open with the employees by effective feedback sharing. They also celebrate the contribution of each of the followers in the teamwork and encourage them in ways by which employees develop will and aspirations for self-development. Thereby, subordinates develop intrinsic motivation for the tasks. The second aspect of the transformational leadership is the intellectual stimulation. This is the way by which transformation leaders develop the capability to challenge the assumptions and even take risks and solicits the ideas of the followers (Schimmt et al. , 2016). A leader of this style is seen to stimulate as well as encourage the creativity of the followers, thereby nurturing and developing people who think independently. Such leaders put huge significance on learning and consider taking unexpected situations as the opportunities for the subordinates to learn. The subordinates are influenced to think deeply, ask questions and develop better ways for executing their tasks (Frieder, Wang Oh, 2018). The third important aspect is inspirational motivation. Researchers are of the opinion that transformational leaders have the capability to articulate a vision effectively that appeals and inspire the followers largely. Such leaders are seen to engage in inspirational motivation that challenge the followers to meet high standards along with communicating with the followers about the future goals and ensure that they provide meaning for the task. Such leaders put importance to development of strong sense of purpose for the employees to meet their goals and this gives them the energy to drive the group forward (Qu, Janssen Shi, 2015). Such leaders have high skills of communication that makes the vision understandable, powerful yet precise and engaging. The main benefit of this aspect is that the followers become more willing to invest more efforts in their tasks. They remain highly encouraged as well as optimistic about the future and thereby believe in their abilities. The fourth aspect of this leadership style is called the idealized infl uence. The leaders themselves try to act as the best example about what they deserve from the employees (Van et al., 2014). This makes the subordinates develop an understanding about the skills and knowledge necessary for them to comply with the organizational culture and the patterns of working that help to gain high productivity and ensure job satisfaction. The role model ensures high ethical behavior, instilling pride, gaining respect as well as pride. Recent day leaders are facing severe, challenge where they cannot develop managerial effectiveness by absence of certain skills of the employees like proper time management, strategic thinking, decision-making, prioritization, getting up to speed with job so that they can be more effective at work (Mittal Dhar, 2015). Many of the employees possess negative behaviors and thereby been extrinsic motivators as salary, incentives as well as work flexibilities cannot ensure them to be motivated. Leading huge team and guiding change are also some challenges faced by leaders. Lack of honest feedback and lack of emotional intelligence among the employees are also barriers to high productivity in workplace. Therefore, in order to overcome the challenges, the four aspects of transformational leadership is highly successful by effective mentoring, communication skills, leading by example, engaging in corporate learning, guiding them in their difficulties and attaching them on an emotional levels (Boehm et al., 2015). The leaders should put focus to certain important strategies that will ensure development of high productivity work output in every organizations. Therefore, leaders who would be adopting the transformational leadership style should make sure that they develop a challenging as well as an attractive vision along with the team of employees and thereby tie the vision with the strategy for its achievement. Moreover, they should develop the vision and thereby specify and translate it to other actions. They should express confidence, optimism as well as decisiveness about the vision and its implementations. They should also take the initiatives to develop small planned steps for the employees and thereby develop success in the path for its implementation. There are a number of benefits for this type of leadership style on the working climate. This form of leadership helps in developing exceptional people skills through effective motivation that helps to complete assignments successfully. I t increases employee morale and job satisfaction that thereby makes the employees feel that organizations are indeed thoughtful about their career advancements and thereby reduces turnover and increases retention. One of the most important advantages of this form of leadership is that this becomes highly suitable for the times of organizational changes (Muenjohn Armstrong, 2015). Such leaders are able to respond to ever-changing needs of the organization as well as the team. They can empower the employees to participate and adapt themselves to the new changes in the organization by realizing their full potential. Researchers have stated that transformational leadership is excessively helpful for organizations where changes are required like those organizations that are outdated and requires severe retooling. Corporate learning is one of the domains where transformational leadership is highly advantageous. Moreover, it was also seen that such leadership brings effectiveness to staff when he engages in corporate learning improving the skills and knowledge of the existing employees and thereby equipping new employees for productive work (Mittal Dhar, 2015). Experiences: One of a negative experience that I had during my placement years had helped me develop an insight about the importance of leadership traits in leading a team. During the placement, I was given the opportunity to lead a team of fresher who had been appointed as interns in the organization. I had to complete an assignment with the help of teamwork. This was my first leadership opportunity but I was quite confident about my knowledge and skills. After assigning the tasks to each of the team members, two of the members came towards me and tried to suggest that they would like to swap their work, as that would help the team to meet the deadlines. Moreover, another of the member suggested me to conduct the team meeting as that would help in meeting the goals effectively without resulting in overlapping of the work. Another individual came to me for feedback on a presentation that she had prepared for the final day. However, as the time was quite short and the deadline was near, I cut them short and asked them not to waste any time on suggesting me and rather concentrate on the jobs assigned to them. I thought these would help them to learn to face challenges of working in short deadline. However, although the project did not fail entirely but the quality of work was very poor and the work of each of the members did not align with that if the other members which reflected improper teamwork. Moreover, many of the employees were suffering from poor morale, were emotionally down, and stressed on the work floor. One of them was even thinking of leaving the organization. My mentor called me and advised me to find out the cause of failure and such low morale of employees. To these I came to realize one of the most important aspects that was completely missing from my leadership. This aspect is effective feedback giving and receiving. I did not entertain the suggestions that were made to me by the employees. If I had put significance to the suggestions, the quality of the w ork might have been better by several folds. Moreover, as I was cutting down the feedbacks of the employees midway, they felt disrespected and their ego was hurt. They felt that they are junior to me in position; they had no right to suggest and provide feedbacks in the team. This made them feel that they had not been accepted in the organization and therefore these affected their employee morale. Moreover, they also felt that i was unsupportive to them in their decisions that made them feel that they would never get any help from me in the future. Hence, I should have followed the traits of proper transformational leadership and should have conducted frequent meetings of feedback exchanging sessions that could have developed the quality of the project by the amalgamation of the ideas of my subordinates. This teaching helped me to develop my communication skills and incorporate this aspect as one of the most unimportant criteria in my leadership abilities. Once in my university years, I was placed in an organization for my internship where I had to lead a team of five members and groom them for making them perform better quality work. My mentor said that they are quite negative in their behavior as they are low on morale and think that they can never develop the skill properly. When I heard, that they are negative in their attitude, I developed a feeling that I need to be strict by them if I want them to develop their capabilities. Therefore, from the very beginning I incorporated autocratic leadership style. I took the authority to make decisions and did not consult them while taking the decisions. I took all the decision and dictated them of all the work methods as well as the processes. Although, they tried to interact with me and provide suggestion, I did not listen to them. I could not trust them at all and thereby instructed them their job roles and did not allow any feedback. I provided them a highly structured work method that was rigid. I told them clearly that rules would be very important for working in my team. I clearly outlined the rules and instructed them to abide by them. I made decisions on my own behalf and only allowed my choices to be put to implementation. Therefore, the entire result of my leadership style was very negative as not only the negative attitudes of the employees became more negative but the project also failed. I realized that such autocratic traits had made more destruction to the morale of the employees. They were not satisfied with their jobs and they became confirmed that the organization do not care for them in anyway. Had I allowed them to exhibit their skills and thereby helped them to identify the loopholes and transform them in better professionals, the entire project would have not felt. They lost their self-esteem and confidence on their own abilities and could not share their concerns and issues that they were facing while conducting the tasks. They burned out easil y and could not maintain proper emotional stability required to work properly fir meeting the goals. The rationale of my choosing autocratic leadership style proved me wrong and my mentor stated that I should have been more empathetic towards them and tried to transform them with proper corporate learning an developing their skills and knowledge by effective corporate learning. Hence, from this experience, I learnt that autocratic leadership traits can never be applied in such situations where change is required. It is only required in times of crisis and hence I made a mistake by applying this style. Conclusion: From the entire discussion, it becomes quite clear that transformational leadership is one of the most important leadership that needs to be taken up by every leader in the 21st century. Four important traits are important for this form of leadership like the intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, idealized influence as well as inspirational motivation. Such aspects ensure employees to be high on morale. It also increases job satisfaction as employees feel that they are understood and their leaders share their emotions. This leadership style also helps in development of the career of the employees by engaging them in corporate learning as well as development of skills and knowledge. Such style influences effective feedback sharing sessions that make employees feel that they are cared and wanted by the organization that increases their dedication towards the organization. Employees are highly motivated, which make them work beyond their potential and thereby help them to achieve organizational goals with much ease. Autocratic leadership style is now highly criticized as it does not influence employee engagement. Transformational leadership is therefore advised for all leaders to take up for effective leading and management. References: Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy.The Leadership Quarterly,27(4), 634-652. Boehm, S. A., Dwertmann, D. J., Bruch, H., Shamir, B. (2015). The missing link? Investigating organizational identity strength and transformational leadership climate as mechanisms that connect CEO charisma with firm performance.The Leadership Quarterly,26(2), 156-171. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O. K., Espevik, R. (2014). Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), 138-157. Dong, Y., Bartol, K. M., Zhang, Z. X., Li, C. (2017). Enhancing employee creativity via individual skill development and team knowledge sharing: Influences of dual?focused transformational leadership.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(3), 439-458. Frieder, R. E., Wang, G., Oh, I. S. (2018). Linking job-relevant personality traits, transformational leadership, and job performance via perceived meaningfulness at work: A moderated mediation model.Journal of Applied Psychology,103(3), 324. Gorman, C. A., Messal, C. A. (2017). Inspiring the Helpful Self: How Transformational Leadership Motivates Organizational Citizenship Behavior. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Mittal, S., Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational leadership and employee creativity: mediating role of creative self-efficacy and moderating role of knowledge sharing.Management Decision,53(5), 894-910. Mittal, S., Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational leadership and employee creativity: mediating role of creative self-efficacy and moderating role of knowledge sharing.Management Decision,53(5), 894-910. Muenjohn, N., Armstrong, A. (2015). Transformational leadership: The influence of culture on the leadership behaviours of expatriate managers.international Journal of Business and information,2(2). Qu, R., Janssen, O., Shi, K. (2015). Transformational leadership and follower creativity: The mediating role of follower relational identification and the moderating role of leader creativity expectations.The Leadership Quarterly,26(2), 286-299. Roueche, P. E., Baker III, G. A., Rose, R. R. (2014).Shared vision: Transformational leadership in American community colleges. Rowman Littlefield. Schmitt, A., Den Hartog, D. N., Belschak, F. D. (2016). Transformational leadership and proactive work behaviour: A moderated mediation model including work engagement and job strain.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,89(3), 588-610. Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., De Windt, N., Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes.The Leadership Quarterly,25(3), 544-562. Zhu, W., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O. (2016). " Moderating role of follower characteristics with transformational leadership and follower work engagement": Corrigendum

Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering

Question: Discuss about the Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering. Answer: Introduction This is a reflective writeup that seeks to discuss the impact of the engineering activities in society over the years. The paper gives reflections based on positive and negative impacts on that the activities have had on the society. It goes further to discuss the professionalism in engineering and ethics involved in the Australian contexts. The society has been advancing from the traditional setup, to the industrial age, and to the current software dominated or the internet age. Some of the greatest inventions and innovations were done within the 18th to 20th century. For instance, the construction of structural buildings, transport or commuter structure, and service equipment. I have reviewed different engineering projects in the society and some have very positive impacts. For instance, engineering projects have made labor much easier through the invention of high performance equipment. The equipment are used in farm work or other agricultural activities. Communication has been eased with the invention of the telephone for long distance hence information is passed faster. Bell felt that the traditional methods of communication were no longer going to be efficient especially with the industrial age coming to be. Such activities have improved the lives of people(Howard, 2008). Every innovation solves a problem. Engineering has constantly provided solutions such as cheap well drilling, provides irrigation schemes that are very efficient, it enables building of structures for public use and drives the transport system. More innovations have been directed to meeting social needs such as wind farms, solar power or energy, eco-friendly automobiles and household equipment. Some engineering innovations have caused catastrophic destructions in the society. Engineers make weapons for use in battle. Some engineers can join terrorist or cultic groups and use their innovations to destroy property or even destroy lives. Other activities have caused air, water, and soil pollution. Factories spill wastes to the rivers and some dispose their scrap materials some with radioactivity to dumpsites. I consider professionalism and ethics to be very crucial in all fields. Engineering is not an exception in and it works hand in hand with other facets in the society. Engineers are involved in the construction for weapons for military arsenals. Such weapons are needed to help a nation fight to defend its borders. As an engineer, I could use the weapons for destruction or to supply them to terrorists who use them to destroy property and lives. I find it more ethical to ensure that any engineering activity is performed to standard and with a moral standing. Just like any other field, engineers need to uphold professionalism by obeying the rules of trade, the working principles and protection regulations, as well as the code of conduct. I would be keen to ensure that I meet the requirements of every task to ensure the safety of life. Consider, a project to construct a bridge that crosses a wide river. I would ensure that the resources are procured and disbursed on time. Ethic demands that these engineers make good designs to protect the lives of hundreds and thousands who consume such products. engineers design and implement large structures which may destroy the lives of many if found faulty. Some of the engineers have invested heavily in designing automobiles which have contributed to the adverse changes in climate. Ethics requires that one looks at engineering field as a profession whose outlook is essentially objective and disinterested, where the motive of making money is subordinated to serving the client in a manner not inconsistent with the public good (Lawlor, n.d.). I think it is not plausible to think of remuneration as motivation to be a vice. I think what would be considered unethical is in the case of bribery. I would consider it unethical when an engineer fails to make a prompt or urgent decision based on ignorance. One should portray respect for life, the law, and ensure that their work is for the good of the public and they should h ave responsible leadership skills(Howard, 2008). References Howard, P. P. S. M., 2008. Engineering's Impact on Society, South Dakota, Rapid City, SD: Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering . Lawlor, R., n.d. Engineering in Society. In: 2nd, ed. Royal Academy of Engineering. Australia: Inter-Disciplinary Ethics Applied, pp. 1-44.

The Cocktail Party - T.S.Eliot Essays - The Cocktail Party

The Cocktail Party - T.S.Eliot Eliot is considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. His works have been admired greatly. In his play The Cocktail Party, Eliot's focus of attention is on what he calls 'the malady of the 20th century people'.He explores the various aspects of people's lives concentrating on their frivolity that of romantic love & supernatural love. The romantic love ie the relationship between edward & lavinia is explored in great deatil & the first scene of act 1 introduces them to the audience. Throughout the play, Eliot very subtly, tells us about how callous and petty the people of high society England were at that time.All of his plays were genearlly watched by the upper class rather than the middle class as they could realte to them better. Through celia, eliot explores a kind of love that is very rare. It is one of total & complete selflessness and unconditional love for every human being. He portrays Celia as a martyr who is almost always misunderstood and is seeking some sort of direction in life which Reilly and the other guardians help her in finding. The guardians also play a very important role in the play besides Celia, Edward & Lavinia. They are the ones who symbolise a church within a church and go about helping their friends in their soul-searching. Eliot has always been known as an author/poet of hope & not despair though most of his works revolve around the shallowness & emptiness of human lives. He always gives us some hope towards the end and that is what m akes him one of the greatest critics of all time. Acceptance Essays

Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell

Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell Free Online Research Papers Orwell says that even though he hated British imperialism and sympathized with the Burmese people, he found himself a puppet of the system. A lot of what happened to me in about the past two weeks relates to a lot of what happened to Orwell in Shooting the Elephant. In the last two weeks my ex girlfriend met some new guy. The problem was he was twenty years old while she was only fifteen. So as much as it hurt that my ex girlfriend met a new guy, because we were still in love with each other. We were just dysfunctional. I felt like I was in a rock and a hard place. As much as I hated that fact that she was with another guy, I couldn’t tell anyone because, one that would be pretty disrespectful of their personal business and two they would both get in a lot of trouble. Especially the guy who was 4 or so years older than Diane. It all started about a month ago, two weeks after Diane and I broke up, she brought the guy she met to paintball, and that’s where I met him for the first time. I was extremely heartbroken and also extremely angry. But to be the nice guy I am I met him and got to know the guy. As much as I hated it I put a smile on my face and kept myself talking to the guy. All I wanted to do what just hit in square in the face and walk away. But with everyone around, and the kind of person I am, that was not an option. Especially since the paintball field was ran by my church ministry. Throughout the week I find out that they’re talking more and more, and Diane and I are talking less and less. All I want to do is call her up and apologize to her about what happened to us and just see if there was any way we could get back together. I still feel that we. It’s tremendously hard to not just kiss her or call her honey while I’m with her. Just like today, Diane and I were talking about where we were; out of habit I subconsciously started to hold her hand while we were sitting together. I guess I feel bad for the new guy a little bit, because he was caught in the middle of our breakup. As Diane and I are trying to get over each other, this guy starts to have feelings for her. Diane warns him that she can’t date anyone for a long time because she’s still not over me. But he doesn’t care, he likes her and it seems like the gets what he wants. All of this can relate to what happened to Orwell in â€Å"Shooting the Elephant†. As he’s the mediator between the British Imperialism he had Burmese I was, in a way, the mediatory between Diane and the new guy. I had to succumb to what Diane wanted, which was me to stay out of her business and I had to pretend that I liked it, and then I also had to keep the new guy happy or, I’m fairly sure he would of hurt her to get back at me. Research Papers on Shooting an Elephant by George OrwellHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XWhere Wild and West MeetTrailblazing by Eric AndersonNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Hockey GamePersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Art - Essay Example 2) Duration - this was observed through rhyme, length of the notes, and the speed. Through the nursery rhymes, different notes such as the short notes and long notes was seen to make the nursery rhyme more meaningful. 4) Pitch – this was observed through ‘Mary Had A Little Lamb,’ as it involved the high and low notes of the keyboard. When playing the keyboard, the faster notes demonstrated the pitch while shorter notes displayed lower pitch. Belly Dancing consumed ten hours, which involved attending lessons from a family friend, who is a belly dancer, as well as watching belly-dancing videos on YouTube. I met with instructor, the family friend, once a week for nine weeks with each session being one hour, in length. The last hour was done by practicing on the YouTube videos in which demonstrated the different moves of belly dancing. Eventually, through these lessons, I learnt the different belly dancing movements. 4) Space - through dancing, I was taught how to use the space and specifically personal space, an aspect that links to relationships. Additionally, I managed to use the space optimally, and safely to avoid the occurrence of any accident. All the elements of dance are linked, and successfully organise a well-structured dance. The music played along the dance demonstrated that fast beats of the songs meant fast dance movements resulting in a fast structure, while slow beats meant that the movements were slower. The number of hours completed in this art form is twenty hours. Before I began knitting, I thought of either a scarf or a beanie, which were the items I intended to knit. After evaluation of the exercise involved in knitting of both items, I decided to do a scarf. Due to lack of sufficient practice in the past, I was very slow at the onset of the process but gradually improved my speed as I progressed. Within the stipulated twenty hours, I was glad to have successfully completed two Yarn rolls; one has tints

Improving Learning and Achievement Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Improving Learning and Achievement - Coursework Example The two authors also suggest that an ethic of care must always be undertaken to support the academic achievement of the multicultural students which is often marginalized by schooling. In most cases, the achievement and success of students in a multicultural setting often depends on a wide range of academic and non-academic factors some of which may include enthusiasm and motivation of the students for school, family and community support and the availability of learning opportunities in schools. This paper critically analyses the learning at King Middle School and provides recommendations for improving the learning and achievement of all the students regardless of their diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds. King Middle School currently serves one of the most racially, ethnically, culturally and economically diverse neighborhoods in Maine state. For example, approximately 120 students of the schools population of about 500 speak almost 28 languages and can trace their origins from 17

Dissenminating Evidence O BESITY IN cHILDREN Essay

Dissenminating Evidence O BESITY IN cHILDREN - Essay Example Decision makers are identified as senior health workers who have the powers of implementation of policies in the health facility. It also includes local government representatives who rationalize ideas generated from research and scientific studies of this nature and make them work (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d.a). For these decision makers, the strategy to disseminate the information to them is through the use of formal memos or proposals, outlining the key findings of the research and explaining to them why it would be a prudent decision to implement the ideas within the identified setting in a bid to battling obesity in children. The reason for choosing a memo or a formal proposal is that it makes the dissemination more official, making it possible for the issues raised in the memo to be considered at all levels of official or formal decision making meetings. The nursing community is identified to include colleague nurses and other health professionals who work mainly as service providers to patients. Because the battle against obesity in children have been identified to be a collective task that cannot be implemented successfully without the involvement of other nursing officers within the nursing community, the findings and ideas shall be made available to them also. The strategy of dissemination has been targeted to be the use of fliers, which will be made up of summary of the objective of the study, key findings of the study, as well as approaches to tackling obesity in children. Because of the target group involved, which is the nursing community, the researcher shall ensure that the specific roles and duties needed to be played by these nurses will also be clearly outlined on the flier. It is the hope of the researcher that because fliers are very handy and portable, nurses, who are normally busy with patient care can easily carry them in their bags and purse and take them home and use them in their own

Gauley Bridge and Bhopal Disasters

Gauley Bridge and Bhopal Disasters The Gauley Bridge Disaster The Hawks Nets Tunnel was being built near Gauley Bridge in West Virginia, and during that time, close to five hundred workers died from silicosis, and about one thousand five hundred contracted the disease (Lobo, 2012). The tunnels construction began in the 1930s, and it required the contractors to blast and drill through two mountains near the Gauley Bridge. During the period of construction, in the 1930s, African Americans were still dominated by whites, and more than eighty percent of the workers were blacks (McCulloch Tweedale, 2014). The workers were also not union members (Lobo, 2012), which might have made their labor cheap and exposing them to exploitation. The excavation took place during the time of the great depression when unemployment rates were high, and people, especially blacks, would do any work to earn a living. Most likely, racism played a key role in the neglect of the workers safety and health when they were drilling through the mountains. The African workers were supervised with armed white men (McCulloch Tweedale, 2014). As a result of being exposed to silica, which originated from the excavation, hundreds of workers developed silicosis due to a buildup of silica particles in the lungs. Silicosis is a dreadful disease that permanently affects the lungs, making it lose its functionality gradually, which eventually leads to death (Lobo, 2012). The contractors responsible for the building of the tunnel never took any preventive measures to ensure that workers worked under safe conditions. However, the mountains contain high levels of silica, which is very toxic. The death of about five hundred employees and infection of one thousand five hundred more could have been prevented if the contractors employed standard safety measures such as wearing respirators to avoid inhaling silica. Since the incident, regulations that require workers to use protective equipment are enforced by institutions such as National Institute for Occupational Safety, which is dedicated to how to prevent silicosis and how to identify symptoms (Lobo, 2012). Also, today some unions and laws ensure the rights and safety of workers are not compromised. The Bhopal Disaster In late 1984, a pesticide factory known as Union Carbide experienced a leakage of about forty metric tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC), a very deadly gas (Yang, Khan, Amyotte, 2015). The incident occurred in Bhopal, India, and at least four thousand people were killed immediately after the gas had leaked. The actual figure is not precise because the government, activists, and independent bodies have different estimations. More than half a million residents were exposed to the deadly gas, and more than twenty-five thousand people have died up to date due to exposure to the toxic gas and pollution of the environment (Yang, Khan, Amyotte, 2015). Also, thousands of animals died, their dead bodies littered the streets (Yang, Khan, Amyotte, 2015). The main effects of the gas included choking, burning eyes, breathing difficulties, and frothing at the mouth. Other people died from being trampled on by other people as everyone was confused and running for their lives. The massive leakage of MIC was caused by several violations of plant procedures, negligence of internal leaks, and flaws in design (Goh, Tan, Lai, 2015). According to personnel who were employed at the factory, the management never took health and safety seriously. The site has been reported to still contain high levels of MIC (Yang, Khan, Amyotte, 2015). Soil and water bodies were also polluted, and up to date, children are born with defects such as brain damage and twisted limbs. Since the Bhopal disaster, the judiciary took an active role in protecting the environment (Goh, Tan, Lai, 2015). Laws such as the Factories Act were passed to ensure that industries followed international and national standards, as well as understanding the risk involves and how they can be mitigated or prevented. Two Other Similar Stories: Russias Chernobyl and Chinas Jilin The explosion at a nuclear power plant in Chernobyl, Russia in 1986 released radioactive material that was more than four hundred times stronger than that released in Hiroshima (Cardis et al., 2006). The effects of the extreme radiation are still present as children are born with defects, develop cancer, and several other health issues. Studies suggest that the radioactive material needs at least two hundred years to wear off, making the environment safe for people (Cardis et al., 2006). In November 2005, the Jilin chemical plant in china exploded and resulted to the death of six workers and dozens were injured (Fu, W., Fu, H., Skà ¸tt, Yang, 2008). The explosions polluted the river, which has led to reduced white cells amongst the residents, leading to leukemia. Additionally, it is estimated that over one hundred thousand people are likely to develop cancer (Fu, W., Fu, H., Skà ¸tt, Yang, 2008). For both incidents, safety standards were improved to ensure that such an incident d oes not repeat itself. References Cardis, E., Howe, G., Ron, E., Bebeshko, V., Bogdanova, T., Bouville, A., Drozdovitch, V. (2006). Cancer consequences of the Chernobyl accident: 20 years on. Journal of radiological protection, 26(2), 127. Fu, W., Fu, H., Skà ¸tt, K., Yang, M. (2008). Modeling the spill in the Songhua River after the explosion in the petrochemical plant in Jilin. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 15(3), 178. Goh, Y. M., Tan, S., Lai, K. C. (2015). Learning from the Bhopal disaster to improve process safety management in Singapore. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 97(1), 102-108. Lobo, J. (2012). From The Book of the Dead to Gauley Bridge: Muriel Rukeysers Documentary Poetics and Film at the Crossroads of the Popular Front. Journal of Modern Literature, 35(3), 77-102. McCulloch, J., Tweedale, G. (2014). Anthony J. Lanza, Silicosis and the Gauley Bridge Nine. Social History of Medicine, 27(1), 86-103. Yang, M., Khan, F., Amyotte, P. (2015). Operational risk assessment: A case of the Bhopal disaster. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 97(4), 70-79.

Essay Comparing The Awakening and Story of an Hour -- comparison compa

Comparing The Awakening and Story of an Hour  Ã‚  Ã‚   The heroine, Mrs. P, has some carries some characteristics parallel to Louise Mallard in â€Å"Hour.† The women of her time are limited by cultural convention. Yet, Mrs. P, (like Louise) begins to experience a new freedom of imagination, a zest for life , in the immediate absence of her husband. She realizes, through interior monologues, that she has been held back, that her station in life cannot and will not afford her the kind of freedom to explore freely and openly the emotions that are as much a part of her as they are not a part of Leonce. Here is a primary irony. Also, the rhetoric Chopin uses is full of contradictions from the beginning. not only that, but there are so many contradictions of manner, style, Point of view, and all of these both internal and external of each of the characters. For example, Leonce â€Å"Pontellier wore eye-glasses. He was a man of forty, of medium height and rather slender build; he stooped a little. His hair was brown and straight, parted on one side. His beard was neatly and closely trimmed,† whereas his sons are described â€Å"sturdy little fellows of four and five.† This suggests that he is rather delicate, and that his wife, after whom they presumably take (ils tiennent de leur mere) is sturdy and strong, and can and will take him at something. Another significant one comes in chapter xxix where her interior monologue talks of her â€Å"understanding [as]...that monster made up of beauty and brutality.† Looking at the end of the work and going backwards (I read it this way so I could retrace the steps that lead up to Edna’s suicide, I saw this first time an ambiguity between the seeming freedom she got from transcending the bonds of ... ... Another aspects of the story is that once Edna’s awakening begins to take place, she is on a roller coaster of emotions, from the manic exuberance of listening to music and the sounds of the water, her connection to robert--it’s as though all her senses are opened up. Between times, however, she is really depressed, as though all the color that Chopin imparts so beautifully in the descriptions of the other scenes, has become dull and uninteresting. Then, she is flung into an emotional upheaval when she reads Robert’s letter to Mlle Reisz, as the latter plays Wagner. Clearly, these kinds of emotions cannot be borne by a woman whose cultural structure does not admit the building of her own that it might sustain the weight and number. She is overwhelmed. She must escape, and she does, for her situation now is powerfully reminiscent of the â€Å"joy that kills† in â€Å"Hour.†

Chapter Columbia

Columbia Company, which manufactures machine tools, had the following transactions related to plant assets in 2014. Asset A: On June 2, 2014, Columbia purchased a stamping machine at a retail price of $12,000. Columbia paid 6% sales tax on this purchase. Columbia paid a contractor $2,800 for a specially wired platform for the machine, to ensure noninterrupted power to the machine. Columbia estimates the machine will have a 4-year useful life, with a salvage value of $2,000 at the end of 4 years. The machine was put into use on July 1, 2014.Asset B: On January 1, 2014, Columbia, Inc. igned a fixed-price contract for construction of a warehouse facility at a cost of $1,000,000. It was estimated that the project will be completed by December 31, 2014. On March 1, 2014, to finance the construction cost, Columbia borrowed $1,000,000 payable April 1, 2015, plus interest at the rate of 10%. During 2014, Columbia made deposit and progress payments totaling $750,000 under the contract; the we ighted-average amount of accumulated expenditures was $400,000 for the year.The excess-borrowed funds were invested in short-term securities, from which Columbia realized investment revenue of $13,000. The warehouse was ompleted on December 1, 2014, at which time Columbia made the final payment to the contractor. Columbia estimates the warehouse will have a 25-year useful life, with a salvage value of $20,000. Columbia uses straight-line depreciation and employs the â€Å"half-year† convention in accounting for partial-year depreciation. Columbia's fiscal year ends on December 31 . Instructions (a) At what amount should Columbia record the acquisition cost of the machine? b) What amount of capitalized interest should Columbia include in the cost of the warehouse? (c) On July 1, 2016, Columbia decides to outsource its stamping operation to Medek, Inc. As part of this plan, Columbia sells the machine (and the platform) to Medek, Inc. for $7,000. What is the impact of this dispo sal on Columbia's 2016 income before taxes? Solution (a) Historical cost is measured by the cash or cash equivalent price of obtaining the asset and bringing it to the location and condition for its intended use.For Columbia, this is: Price $12,000 Tax 720 Platform 2,800 Total $15,520 Since Columbia has outstanding debt incurred specifically for the construction project, in an amount greater than the weighted-average accumulated expenditures of $400,000, the interest rate of 10% is used for capitalization purposes. Capitalization stops upon completion of the project at December 31, 2014. Therefore, the avoidable interest is $40,000, which is less than the actual interest.The investment revenue ot is irrelevant to the question addressed in this problem because such interest earned on the unexpended portion of the loan is not to be offset against the amount eligible for capitalization. (c) The income effect is a gain or loss, determined by comparing the book value of the asset to the disposal value: Cost $1 5,520 Less: Accumulated depreciation 6,760* Book value of machine and platform 8,760 Less: Cash received for machine and platform 7,000 Loss before income taxes $ 1,760 hyear $1,690 2014. full year 3,380 2015. 2016. ? h year 1,690

Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Example

Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Example Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Abstract The common issues facing contemporary business firms are conflicts and disputes between workers and the organizations management. Verizon Company is one of the latest US companies to experience prolonged workers strike. Administration and leadership of Verizon have the greatest role in the recurrence of the issues as a result of the ineffective conflict resolution approach employed. The case study of Verizon serves as an example that many organizations have cultures where conflicts can productively thrive due to workers and management teams working against one another. Verizon conflicts impact on the firms culture concerning the future generation of employees who will use the companys history of addressing workers issues in forecasting the outcome of grievances that they will forward to the management. Consequently, the culture increases turnover rates, job dissatisfaction and inefficiency leading to stunted organizational growth. Organizational conflict Introduction Conflicts and disputes between employees and management, regulatory agencies, labor unions and management, co-workers and between management teams are inevitable in the contemporary working environments. At present, the common form of organizational conflict is labor conflict that occurs as a result of the growing number of unions representing the interest of the workers (Rahim, 2013). Some of the aspects that reflect the severity of conflicts in an organization include workers strikes which affect not only the growth and profitability of an organization but also have negative repercussions to organizational leadership and culture. Strikes are negotiations tools for most of the US labor unions. In the US history, work conflicts and workers strikes in different employment fields have been for the purpose of advocating for enhanced working conditions, increased benefits, and better contracts, increasing flexible working hours, and pay increment.; ; One of the profound strikes in the US history is the labor conflict in Verizon Company involving approximately 39, 000 on April 2016 making it the latest severe disputes in the US labor industry (Democracy Now Organization, 2016). The conflict between the workers and Verizon management is attributable to the lack of better contracts, and the organizations attempt to reduce laborers benefits, and limit pensions. Another factor responsible for the heated conflicts is Verizons act of trying to outsource some of its operations to the Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Mexico (Democracy Now Organization, 2016). The research paper explores the impacts of workplace disputes and conflicts on organizational culture and leadership concerning the recent Verizon Company labor conflict. Interorganizational conflict Problem Statement In the contemporary working environments, there is anecdotal evidence showing that many business organizations possess unique conflict cultures in that most of the workers strikes at present shows socially mutual norms of triggering and managing conflicts. The research problem determining whether conflicts affect organization culture considering that there is no direct link demonstrating that organizations leadership at different levels have normative and socially shared conflicts management culture. Ghorbani and Razavi (2011) suggest that many organizations have cultures where conflicts can productively thrive due to workers and management working against one another. Furthermore, there is no confirmatory link between leadership styles and disputes despite the fact that application of unsustainable direction and administration techniques leads to toxic workplaces. It is evident in the case of Verizon Companys recent labor conflict impact on organizational culture, leadership, and ma nagement reputations. It thus follows from the case study that managing disputes, misunderstandings, and conflicts is the primary management proficiency that most of the companies lack since such issues invoke conflict resolution and management skills if an organization must acquire positive culture.; Analysis of Verizon Labor Conflict Verizons 2016 strike is not the first one to occur in the company as the recent is an extension of the similar strike in 2011 for the same reasons. The failure to address the issues for the five-year period reveal Verizons reluctance in dealing with the issues facing its workers despite the growing trend in profit generation for the past four years where Verizon record $249 million profit between 2010 and 2014 (Democracy Now Organization, 2016). The management behavior of denying workers fair pay and better contracts are unjustified in the dimension of CSR and labor rights. In CSR perspectives, it is unfair for Verizon to reduce its workforce despite having knowledge about the companys sustainability to the nearby community. It is against the CSR principles to outsource work to overseas workers and contractors and to reduce menu of community amenities and services. Secondly, in leadership perspectives, it is apparent that the Verizons management are reluctant to address the issues de spite the fact the estimated impact is a loss of $ 200 million. Furthermore, the case of Verizon dispute between management and workers shows poor leadership skills, poor organizational behavior, and poor conflicts management skills. A justification of the negative attributes of the organization in the advent of the strike is management greediness to make huge profits at the expense of unsatisfied workforce (Proksch, 2016). Poor leadership and dispute management in the organization are from its retaliatory negotiation stand that the company will accept the laborers demand in exchange for job security exclusion, increased health-care costs, cuts in injury and accident benefits, and reduced retirement security funds. Role of Leadership in Verizon Labor Conflict The occurrence of the 2016 workers strike is due to the unresolved issues after the 2011 labor conflict between the organization and employees representative unions, IBEW and CWA. Verizons has a prevalent autocratic style of leadership because of the making decisions without the consideration of laborers feedback, and grievances. Authoritarian managers in Verizon Company have the attribute deprived skills in people management as they are equivalent to the leaders who have negative attitudes towards workers management concentrating only on profit making with less emphasis on workers welfare. Poor leadership in the organization is evident in the lack of effective conflict resolution initiatives which was a remedy to the recurring strikes in the company (Coleman ; Vallacher, 2011). One of the characteristics of weak leaders is their inability to consider feedbacks and viewpoints of the junior management and employees. The second feature of poor managers is the failure to exercise adequ ate response to suggestions and complaints. Therefore, poor leadership according to Proksch (2016) is one of the actors behind the occurrence of the dispute as workers strike reflects the ineffective dispute management in the company as the negotiation procedure deal with the enticement of labor union officials to loosen their stance on the issue. ;For instance, Verizon management during the 2011 dispute should have been a learning experience for enacting sustainable negotiation terms, but the management instead puts aside capital for training 15, 000 workers to acquire knowledge and skills for replacing the then looming strike and work stoppage.; As a form of intimidation during the negotiation time, there was an application of surveillance apps on the union officials taking part in the negotiations. In a nutshell, leadership-challenged management of Verizon Company does not have conflicts management aptitudes for mediation and resolution of workplace disputes.; Impacts of the Conflicts on Organizational Culture ;The type of dispute and conflict resolution style that an organization applies impact on organizational culture. The organization culture in conflict management perspective defines the conflict management culture that is applicable for future resolution of similar issues. The ranges of conflict culture that conflicts invoke include avoidant, collaborative and dominating conflict cultures (Gelfand ; Leslie, 2012). For the case of avoidant culture in conflict management, the conflicting parties learn to subdue and pull out of the dispute. On the other hand, collaborative culture of managing conflicts that have characteristics such as common problem solving, negotiation and application of constructive dialogue. Lastly, dominating culture in conflict management entails the conflicting sides attempting to outwit each other and individually seek victory and competition without considering the welfare of the other party.; ; The impact of the reluctance of Verizon management to resolve the conflicts is the promotion of the dominating type of conflict resolution cultures. They affect organization culture through the continuation of conflict management norms among the organizations management leading to a continued culture of encouraging that actual confrontation with the workers so that the organization can win disputes and conflicts (Ghorbani Razavi, 2011). The issue in its incomplete form leads to the creation of an organizational culture which fosters a working environment with increased turnover and lower staff morale. Furthermore, the problem recurrence of the issues leads to the establishment of negative atmosphere and an organizational culture of common beliefs, cognitions, and values regarding fear of the lack of job security for the workers with reduced efficiency and performance decrement. The case of Verizon constant labor conflict fostering the dominating form of conflict culture leads to a n organizational culture with a normative notion among the workers that aggressive behavior in addressing grievances and issues is appropriate. Such a normative concept is possible to spread to the future generations hence the support of normative ways of solving disputes within the organization. The consequences of the dominating culture of resolving conflicts promote an organizational culture where threats, shouting matches, disruptive chaos, yelling, heated arguments and direct confrontations can thrive. Recommendation The first recommendation for Verizon Company to stop the occurrence of the labor conflicts and disputes again is embracing a democratic form of leadership. The leadership style is essential in preventing the occurrence of differences in that all individuals within the workplace have votes and voices that count to every decision in the organization. According to Estlund, (2013), exhibiting Democratic leadership is an essential way of encouraging dialogue and creating an environment where each person can offer their sentiments and ideas hence preventing the occurrence of labor conflicts. The second proposition is the adoption of a collaborative culture of conflict resolution whose basis is a winwin situation and the recommendable solution to workplace disputes (Ghorbani Razavi, 2011). The type of culture is one of the approaches whose fundamental goal of mutual satisfaction of the needs of the conflicting parties leads to effective resolution of differences between employers and empl oyees. The limitation of the collaborative culture is communication and trust, but the application of discussion, negotiation, and mediation assist in the filling the gap. Lastly, Verizons management do not need to stand its ground all the time but must learn to give in to accommodate the resentment of the laborers.; Conclusion ; The exploration of Verizon as a representation of the recent labor dispute shows that inevitability of disagreements, conflicts, and disputes in the contemporary society. The organization has a dominating culture in conflict management the management seek victory and competition without considering the welfare of the other party in the objective of reducing the cost of production while maximizing profits. Verizons leadership play a critical role in triggering the dispute due to its rigid stance in an autocratic style of leading the laborers which do not provide the workers the chance of o air their grievances in better contracts and pay increase. The consequence of the labor conflict is a poor organizational culture which reduces workers efficiency, morale, and performance due to the dominating type of conflict culture allow threats, shouting matches, disruptive chaos, yelling, heated arguments and direct confrontations to thrive. References Democracy Now Organization. (2016, May 25). 39,000 Verizon Workers Mark Six Weeks on Strike in Biggest U.S. Labor Action in Years. Retrieved from Democracy Now Organization: https://www.democracynow.org/2016/5/25/39_000_verizon_workers_enter_sixth Estlund, C. (2013). Working together: how workplace bonds strengthen a diverse democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Proksch, S. (2016). Conflict management. New York: Springer. Rahim, M. A. (2013). Managing Conflicts in Organizations. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books.

See If Vitamin C Is an Organic Compound

See If Vitamin C Is an Organic Compound Yes, vitamin C is an organic compound. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid or ascorbate, has the chemical formula C6H8O6. Because it is comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, vitamin C is classified as organic, whether or not it comes from a fruit, is made within an organism, or is synthesized in a laboratory. What Makes Vitamin C Organic In chemistry, the term organic refers to carbon chemistry. Basically, when you see carbon in a compounds molecular structure, this is a hint youre dealing with an organic molecule. However, simply containing carbon isnt sufficient, as some compounds (e.g., carbon dioxide) are inorganic. Basic organic compounds also contain hydrogen, in addition to carbon. Many also contain oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements, although these arent essential in order for a compound to be classed as organic. You may be surprised to learn vitamin C isnt just one specific compound, but rather, a group of related molecules called vitamers. The vitamers include ascorbic acid, the ascorbate salts, and oxidized forms of ascorbic acid, such as dehydroascorbic acid. In the human body, when one of these compounds is introduced, metabolism results in the presence of several forms of the molecule. The vitamers act primarily as cofactors in enzymatic reactions, including collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and wound-healing. The molecule is a stereoisomer, where the L-form is the one with biological activity. The D-enantiomer is not found in nature but can be synthesized in a lab. When given to animals that lack the ability to make their own vitamin C (such as humans), D-ascorbate has less cofactor activity, even though it is an equally potent antioxidant. Vitamin C From Pills Man-made or synthetic vitamin C is a crystalline white solid derived from the sugar dextrose (glucose). One method, the Reichstein process, is a combined microbial and chemical multi-step method of producing ascorbic acid from D-glucose. The other common method is a two-step fermentation process. Industrially synthesized ascorbic acid is chemically identical to vitamin C from a plant source, such as an orange. Plants typically synthesize vitamin C by enzymatic conversion of the sugars mannose or galactose into ascorbic acid. Although primates and a few other kinds of animals dont produce their own vitamin C, most animals do synthesize the compound and can be used as a source of the vitamin. So, organic in chemistry has nothing to do with whether a compound was derived from a plant or an industrial process. If the source material was a plant or animal, it doesnt matter whether the organism was grown using organic processes, such as free-range grazing, natural fertilizers, or no pesticides. If the compound contains carbon bonded to hydrogen, its organic. Is Vitamin C an antioxidant? A related question concerns whether or not vitamin C is an antioxidant. Regardless of whether its natural or synthetic and whether its the D-enantiomer or the L-enantiomer, vitamin C is an antioxidant. What this means is that ascorbic acid and the related vitamers are capable of inhibiting oxidation of other molecules. Vitamin C, like other antioxidants, acts by being oxidized itself. This means vitamin C is an example of a reducing agent.

Ethics Panel for Post-Graduates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics Panel for Post-Graduates - Essay Example ict between the patients experience and nurses assessment of the pain will be used to help formulate a better framework for pain assessment in patients. (For example, outline of research methodology, what information/data collection strategies will you use, where will you recruit participants and what approach you intend to take to the analysis of information / data generated) Due to the subjectivity of pain experience a qualitative method will be used for this study, which seeks to provide a perception of how or why things are as they are. It means that the gathered primary research information will have come from different sources of personal and professional experiences. Data will be collected through a one on one semi-structured interview of nurses and patients. This is only fitting considering that Hancock (1998) relates that data collection in a qualitative research involves direct encounters with individuals through one to one interviews. In-depth interview allows intensive exploration of a topic with someone who has had related experiences. Open-ended questions will be used during the interview. This is in contrast with close-ended questions which may limit further exploration of the participants’ experiences. Typically the recommended sample for grounded theory is about 20 to 30 participants (Polit & Beck, 2006). Determining the sample size depends on the quality and richness of the data. This research will aim to involve 20 nurses and 20 patients. Once ethical approval is gained, the researcher will send a formal letter to the hospital administration in Kuwait and to the surgical unit supervisor or manager requesting permission to recruit patients and staff from the hospital. Once the approval is attained, the researcher will then proceed to place a notice in the surgical ward which will invite volunteers from among surgical nurses and patients who are willing to take part in the research or those who are readily available to become participants of

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

International business - Essay Example general manager of Lincoln Electric (Shanghai) Welding Company, Ltd., Jeffrey Kundrach sensed that the right time has come to evaluated the circumstances and start concentration on the management and labour practices of the corporation (Sparrow, Brewster & Harris 2004). The objective of this study is to review and analyse Lincoln Electric’s international human resources (HR) practices as are affected by the decision to establish a subsidiary in China. Early outcomes and future issues or problems will be discussed. Lincoln initiated a new attempt at expanding in Asia in the mid-1990s, after the shutting down of the Japanese company. This followed the 1995 opening of a new management organisation for the company involving new executive positions and complementary personnel to supervise each of the five major strategic locations: Asia, Latin America, Russia-Africa-Middle East, Europe, and North America (Business Week 2003). Michael Gillespie, being a British national and having associated with Lincoln from ESAB, the major competitor of Lincoln in Europe and Asia, was assigned head for the Asian region. Asia was at present a primary target of the company and Gillespie was summoned by Massaro to develop an innovative and competitive approach for the region (Business Week 2003). The plan of Gillespie was to build regional competencies and create a unified manufacturing business and sales with Asia (Briscoe & Schuler 2004: 428): The intention was to stop regarding Asia Pacific as a market to which we could export, to which we could sell our surplus production. So what we tried to do was to bring Lincoln to Asia rather than just sending American or Australian products into Asia, and decided that the right thing to do was to produce within the region for the region, products that were appropriate to the region, rather than simply trying to sell products that were right for the US or Europe. A regional administrative centre was launched in Singapore. The regional

Analyzing a disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analyzing a disaster - Essay Example ress the various aspects of risk; indicatively, risk theorists have referred to risk as an indication of ‘moral hazard or conflict of interest’ (Roy, 2008, 122); from another point of view, emphasis is given on the emergent character of risk (Guerden, 2003, 78) – in terms that if there is no appropriate plan of action the occurrence of a disaster can lead to severe damages. Current paper focuses on the examination of risk management in banks; a specific part of these businesses’ activities is examined – the management of personal data of customers. It is proved that the risk involved in the management of customers’ data in banks can be significant; however, with the implementation of appropriate policies this risk can be limited – the use of risk management cycle for the control of risk involved in the management of personal data of customers in banks has been proved to be the most appropriate solution for addressing the specific proble m. Relevant literature is also used in order to highlight the various aspects of risk in the specific sector but also to evaluate the effectiveness of risk management cycle in relation with the specific business sector. The management of data in banks is a demanding task; the management of personal data of customers – which is the issue under examination – often fails to meet all the standards set by the principles and rules governing the specific sector. The above failure is usually related with the high cost of systems required for the effective administration of the specific business activity; however, if appropriate risk management plans are implemented in advance the risk related with the management of data in banks is minimized. Quite often, personal data of customers are lost during the transactions developed in financial institutions – often the personal data of customers are lost even if no transaction takes place – i.e. while being stored in a bank’s database; therefore, the use of risk management

Gothic architecture and romanesque architecture Essay Example for Free

Gothic architecture and romanesque architecture Essay Gothic Style is the most fascinating and mysterious architectural era the world has seen. These large structures of the 11th through the 16th centuries, that are considered to be of Gothic Style, are simply glorious. Throughout the centuries, beautiful medieval cathedrals have been towering above every building and till this day, still survive with their astonishing appearance. The edifices built during the so-called Gothic period were not built with simple identifying Gothic features. Gothic architecture was born of Romanesque architecture altered by the influence of medieval society. Romanesque and Gothic architecture, although having many similarities, also have many differences. There are some who would regard the first Gothic churches in France as late extensions of the Romanesque building boom.The Romanesque contributed greatly to the development of highly articulated, expressive exterior and interior design.'(K Conant p. 6) French Romanesque architecture was the antecedent to Early Gothic in France. What remained to be done in creating the Gothic style as we know it was to take the proportion and sophistication of Cluny III, its relatively thin vaulting, its flying buttresses, joining them to the rib vaulting of Durham, and developing the effective features of each. (K Conant p. 291) Romanesque architecture was designed to be more for protective purposes than for any aesthetic quality. So as not to be destroyed by invaders, the walls of the Romanesque cathedrals were built very thickly. Gothic, on the other hand, had thinner walls and worked towards a more artistic approach. Gothic cathedrals were also designed with statues and sculptures on them such as the gargoyle, which also served as a rainspout. Romanesque cathedrals had few windows, as the walls of the cathedrals were very thick and made placement of windows extremely difficult. Contrary to Romanesque architecture, Gothic had many stained glass windows, which spread colored light, giving a feeling of peace. Gothic style used many flying buttresses and pointed arches, while Romanesque used rounded arches for added support to the heavy construction of the walls and ceilings. Gothic architecture was achieved intentionally by the plan of Abbot Suger to rebuild St-Denis. During the thirteenth century other French contributions influenced cathedrals and partially erased the twelfth century forms. (Grodecki, p. 73) The great models of the thirteenth century gave rise to formal  continuity that can be seen more clearly throughout France than in other countries. France contains more structures that are easier read of successive stylistic phases. Champagne was the most readily influenced by the creation of Gothic architecture. The edifices of Champagne and Saint-Remis represent the final technical and formal improvements of Early Gothic architecture. The sixteenth century Parisian church of Saint-Eustache was modeled after the twelfth century Notre-Dame of Paris. Though Notre-Dame of Paris is considered to be a negative influence by Grodecki, it was a model for many edifices of lesser dimension and importance in the diocese of Paris during the last third of the twelfth century. The edifice being four stories tall lacks a triforium: in its place are rose shaped roundels that emit light up to the roof. The very large, well lit gallery opens to the central nave through triple arched openings. (Grodecki p. 62) Given the height of this structure, the builders turned to flying buttresses as a final solution. However, flying buttresses were not added to the choir. The cathedral was built according to the thin-wall principle; the shallowness of the window recesses and of the gallery arcade make this thinness noticeable at every level. (Grodecki p.62) A positive influence on Gothic architecture is Chartres Cathedral. The Chartres type is believed not only to have served as a model for the great cathedrals both in and out of France, but also its formal and structural success is believed to have made it a kind of masterpiece sui generis whose historical value surely matches that of the most celebrated creations of world architecture. Gothic style is not to be found in the Chartres type, but instead in mid-thirteenth century art: namely Rayonnant style. The choirs of Paris cathedrals all share certain features that make the real culmination of the Gothic principles of space and construction. (Grodecki p. 107) The immensity and magnificence of Chartres is due to the facts that it was the seat of a very wealthy bishopric and the site of a well-known Marian pilgrimage. Chartres includes a double ambulatory with chapels, due to the combining of the plans of Notre-Dame at Paris and of Saint-Denis. The transept is borrowed from the Cathedral of Laon. Chartres architects genius and originality is shown in the interior elevation and general  structure of the building. Chartres is three stories and resembles Sens with one difference: the arcade and clerestory are of equal height, separated by a triforium much like that of Laons. The design of the interior volumes, the delineations of bays by piers and colonettes, the rigor of the side aisles and ambulatory these features comprise one of the most logical spatial arrangements known to Gothic architecture. (Grodecki, p. 110) The Cathedral of Chartres must be considered one of the monuments that states most explicitly the Scholastic or mystic purpose of medieval art. The influence of this extraordinary structure was immediate and widespread. Chartres prompted the elimination of the gallery during construction and the rejection of certain characteristic Champagne features. The twelfth century design of Notre-Dame had been superceded . There are some discrepancies about when Gothic first came to England. According to L Grodecki, the Gothic style was first introduced to England in 1174 by Guillaume de Sens in the choir of Canterbury Cathedral. (Grodecki, p. 195) While C Wilson believes that Gothic was introduced to England by way of a series of more or less disconnected episodes, only some of which had important consequences. (Wilson, p. 72) Wilson also believes that some of the churches which the Cistercians built in the north of England from about 1155 were Gothic. (Wilson, p. 73) So he is saying that these churches are the earliest examples of Gothic in the region, which counter claims Grodeckis theory. Unfortunately it is not at all clear which of the mid-12th-century Cistercian churches in the north of England served as the channel through which Gothic influences reached the region. What can be affirmed is that at least one northern Cistercian church must have been built in the Gothic style by the late 1150s. The presence of the Burgundian elements at York virtually proves that the northern English Cistercians were the medium by which both the architect and the Gothic elements of his design were transmitted. (Wilson, p. 74) Avila, which is a parallel to York, is a mixture of Burgundian Cistercian Romanesque and French Gothic. The society of the medieval time played an important role in the creation of these Gothic Cathedrals. Every walk of life in medieval society can be seen portrayed in the art and decoration of a medieval cathedral. (Brookes essay in Swaans GC, p. 13) The materials used in constructing these edifices were often gifts or offerings from the King, founders, patrons and craftsmen. Swaan seems to think that the peasants felt that the cathedrals were not meant for their presence except during construction when they offered their carts or labor for building. This would suffice to say that the contractors were of low class peasants. Cranes and pulleys powered by men and animals were used to haul stones. Cathedrals were expensive to build; the money came from gifts of land, farms, houses, and jewels. Many people believed that donating money would forgive their sins. The workers such as the architects, sculptors, blacksmiths, and many others, believed that being a part of the construction would bring them fame and fortune. Cathedrals and the people inside implored that God is the most important part of a persons life and should be thanked for everything. People offered prayers and offerings to God at the great Cathedrals thinking it would bring a prosperous and healthy life. At anytime were the townspeople feeling downhearted or prosperous for any reason, their first priority was to go to the center of town and thank God at the cathedral. Praising the Lord became a ritual of everyday life. As one of the largest buildings of its time, the cathedrals represented the heavens in which people believed was peaceful and serene. France was the birthplace of the Gothic Style. French cathedrals began the Gothic era that spread throughout Europe in a rage that has never been seen since. English cathedrals combine the art of Romanesque and Gothic architecture. The cathedrals represented faith, dedication and cooperation. And showed the people that even if they had a miserable life, they could always turn to the comforting church for salvation. Cathedrals across the world come in many shapes and sizes but all have the same purpose, to serve as a place to praise Jesus. They will always be around to show the roots of Christianity and portray the architectural skills served by the people of the middle ages.

Resistance To The Modernity of American Culture Essay example -- litera

In the poem Howl, Allen Ginsberg challenges the political modernity of American culture that enforces the â€Å"best minds† to give up their freedom to gain the desired sense of normalcy that is glorified. He states â€Å"I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked/dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix† (Ginsberg 9). That angry fix that he describes is what all of these â€Å"best minds† look for after being striped of their freedom to conform to the new American culture after World War II. Without question a â€Å"best mind† in Ginsberg’s reference is one with all the freedom and insight before the turn of American culture that explicitly loose it through modernity. The â€Å"best minds† were not necessarily the wealthy and eminent but the people who used freedom for expression. They were the ones opposing the American culture that battles Capitalist and Communist control that was arrived post World War II. The form of Ginsberg’s poem challenges the culture through the resistance of the â€Å"best minds†. Howl is separated to three sections that include long lines that look like paragraphs. Resisting classical poems, he arranges long sentences instead of breaking them into separate parts. This free verse poem reveals the unorthodox meter Ginsberg puts in place through the three parts. In the first section he repeats the word â€Å"who† before every line to address the â€Å"best minds† and how they are being destroyed. In the second, he does the same for the word â€Å"Moloch†. Moloch can be interpreted as the American culture that is the destroyer. He states: â€Å"Moloch the incomprehensible prison! Moloch the/ crossbone soulless jail house and congress of sorrows† (21). He explicitly spe... ...esisting as well. Ginsberg writes the â€Å"best minds† as ones who â€Å"created great suicidal dramas on the apartment cliff-banks† (15). Repeatedly, the â€Å"best minds† are left fantasizing suicide as a way out. In a society that glories the normality of living by restricting people from acting on their insights, it develops a resistance to the American culture. Once the â€Å"best minds† of the generation have their freedom stripped from them in order to conform to the views in modernity, they resist through harsh substances for intoxication. When they realize the power of politics in America it forms suicidal thoughts for a way out. Works Cited Ginsberg, Allen. Howl, and other poems. San Francisco: City Lights Pocket Bookshop, 1956. Print. Asher, Levi. â€Å"Carl Solomon.† Literary Kicks. N.p., Aug. 1994. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.

Proposed Design for a Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays

Proposed Design for a Garden for the Blind As a largely visually-reliant society, much of botanical garden design have focused primarily on visual presentation, whether in flower color or in garden composition. Slowly, however, sensory gardens appealing to our more underutilized senses of smell, sound, touch, and even taste are appearing around the country and the globe. While these unique parks may specifically have blind individuals in mind, sensory gardens also appeal to anyone in the general population who would like to expand their sensory horizons. The following is just one proposal for a sensory garden design: The entrance to the garden should be visually, nasally, and tactilely stimulating. A metal gate covered with entangled goldflame honeysuckle vines (Lonicera x heckrottii ) would serve as a colorful, aromatic greeting and give visitors a small taste of the experience to come. These perennial plants also attract hummingbirds and butterflies, whose activities would surely stimulate the ears. The general layout of the garden would include a continuous serpentine path lined with raised plant beds (to minimize stooping and bending) on both sides. The path can even wrap around a standing rectangular planter to maximize usable area. The path would also have several alcoves or nooks, which would give visitors a resting area where they could linger about, smelling flowers and feeling leaf textures. Park benches present throughout the park would accommodate walking visitors who want to simply breathe in the lovely smells of the tea olive tree, for instance. Smooth wood railings on both sides of the path should run all throughout the garden to serve as directional guides. A change in material texture (to a metal, for instance) could be used to indicate an alcove area. Metal plaques in Braille embedded in the edges of the concretealcoves would provide general information about the various plants. These plaques can also have buttons that can be pushed for an audio reading of the inscription. According to the book Sensory Design, uneven pathways heighten our awareness of surfaces by compelling us to use our kinesthetic sense to perceive the changes in the ground. For the disabled, a slow-sloping path (upward and downward) would engage the visitor in using this sensory system. Proposed Design for a Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays Proposed Design for a Garden for the Blind As a largely visually-reliant society, much of botanical garden design have focused primarily on visual presentation, whether in flower color or in garden composition. Slowly, however, sensory gardens appealing to our more underutilized senses of smell, sound, touch, and even taste are appearing around the country and the globe. While these unique parks may specifically have blind individuals in mind, sensory gardens also appeal to anyone in the general population who would like to expand their sensory horizons. The following is just one proposal for a sensory garden design: The entrance to the garden should be visually, nasally, and tactilely stimulating. A metal gate covered with entangled goldflame honeysuckle vines (Lonicera x heckrottii ) would serve as a colorful, aromatic greeting and give visitors a small taste of the experience to come. These perennial plants also attract hummingbirds and butterflies, whose activities would surely stimulate the ears. The general layout of the garden would include a continuous serpentine path lined with raised plant beds (to minimize stooping and bending) on both sides. The path can even wrap around a standing rectangular planter to maximize usable area. The path would also have several alcoves or nooks, which would give visitors a resting area where they could linger about, smelling flowers and feeling leaf textures. Park benches present throughout the park would accommodate walking visitors who want to simply breathe in the lovely smells of the tea olive tree, for instance. Smooth wood railings on both sides of the path should run all throughout the garden to serve as directional guides. A change in material texture (to a metal, for instance) could be used to indicate an alcove area. Metal plaques in Braille embedded in the edges of the concretealcoves would provide general information about the various plants. These plaques can also have buttons that can be pushed for an audio reading of the inscription. According to the book Sensory Design, uneven pathways heighten our awareness of surfaces by compelling us to use our kinesthetic sense to perceive the changes in the ground. For the disabled, a slow-sloping path (upward and downward) would engage the visitor in using this sensory system.